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福师《大学英语（2）》课程练习题解析
Americans generally consider themselves to be frank, open, and direct in their dealings with other people. “Let’s lay our cards on the table.” They say. Or, “Let’s stop playing games and get to the point.” These and many other phrases show the Americans’ idea that people should clearly state what they think and what they want.
Americans tend to believe that disagreements are best settled by means of long discussions among the people involved. If I dislike something you are doing, I should tell you about it directly so you will know, clearly and from me personally, how I feel about it. Bringing in other people to solve the problem is regarded as somewhat strange. And the former will be looked upon as one who is not brave enough to speak directly to someone else.
Americans will often speak openly and directly to others about things they dislike. They will try to do so in a manner they call “constructive”, that is, a manner which the other person will not find offensive or unacceptable. If they do not speak openly about what is in their minds, they will often express their meanings in nonverbal (非语言的) ways (without words, but through facial expressions, body positions and gestures).
Americans are not taught that they should mask their feelings as people in many Asian countries are. Their words, the tone of their voices or their facial expressions will usually reveal when they are feeling angry, unhappy, confused, or happy and satisfied. 1. According to the passage, _____D_______.
A. Americans don’t state clearly what they think and want B. Americans use body language to defend other people C. Americans seldom speak openly D. Americans state clearly what they want
解析：考察对文章细节把握，答案为 D。
2. The statement “Let’s lay our cards on the table,” (Para. 1) is to show that ____B_. A. Americans like playing cards B. Americans are direct in expressing themselves C. Americans lay the cards down on the table and play D. playing cards is a way to show that Americans are frank
解析：考察对文章细节理解，答案为 B。
3. The phrase “constructive manner” (Para. 3) is closest in meaning to ___A____. A. an acceptable way to deal with others B. an unacceptable way to deal with others
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C. an offensive way to deal with others D. a way that the others will find it strange
解析：考察对文章细节把握，答案为 A。
4. Which of the following is NOT a “nonverbal way”? A. Sadness on one’s face. B. The best minds in the country. C. The gesture “V”.
解析：考察对词汇理解，答案为 B。
D. Body language.
5. What is the best title for the passage?
A. Americans Are Very Direct in Dealing with Others. B. Americans Are Free People.
C. Americans Are Easy-going.
D. Americans Welcome People from Other Lands.
解析：考察对文章整体理解，可知答案为 A。
Paper is one of the most important products ever invented by man. Wide spread use of written language would not have been possible without some cheap and practical material to write on. The invention of paper meant that more people could be educated because more books could be printed and distributed. Together with the printing press, paper provided an extremely important way to communicate knowledge.
How much paper do you use every year? Probably you cannot answer that question quickly. In 1900 the world's use of paper was about one kilogram for each person a year. Now some countries use as much as 50 kilograms of paper for each person a year. Countries like the United States, England and Sweden use more paper than other countries.
Paper, like many other things that we use today, was first made in China. In Egypt and the West, paper was not very commonly used before the year 1400. The Egyptians wrote on a kind of material made of a water plant. Europeans used parchment for many hundreds of years. Parchment was very strong; it was made from the skin of certain young animals. We have learnt of the most important facts of European history from records that were kept on parchment. 1. What's the meaning of the underlined word 'parchment'? B A. The skin of young animals.
B. A kind of paper made from the skin of certain young animals. C. The paper used by European countries. D. The paper of Egypt.
解析：考察对词汇理解，答案为 B。
2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the invention of paper? A A. More jobs could be provided than before.
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B. More people could be educated than before. C. More books could be printed and distributed. D. More ways could be used to exchange knowledge.
解析：考察对文章细节把握，答案为 A。
3. When did the Egyptians begin to use paper widely? ___________A A. Around 1400. B. Around 1900. C. Around 400. D. Around 900.
解析：考察对词汇理解，答案为 A。
4. Which of the following countries uses more paper for each person a year? A. China. B. Sweden. C. Egypt. D. Japan.
解析：考察对词汇理解，答案为 B。
B
5. What is the main idea of this short talk? ____C_____ A. More and more paper is being consumed nowadays. B. Paper enables people to receive education more easily. C. The invention of paper is of great significance to man. D. Paper contributes a lot to the keeping of historical records.
解析：考察对文章整理把握，答案为 C。
Weddings ceremonies in the United States vary as much as the people do. But many weddings,
no matter where or how they are performed , include certain traditional customs. For instance, the bride and groom often exchange rings at the ceremony. The rings are usually worn on the fourth finger of the left hand, and are exchanged in the middle of the ceremony. Today, the ring shows the couple’s love for one another.
After the ceremony, the couple is often showered with handfuls of uncooked rice by friends and family. Rice, as we know, shows productivity and harvest. And then, there is often a party, where the food is so plentiful that it almost takes the attention away from the people. Soon the bride stands in the center of the room, often on a chair, and throws her flowers to the unmarried women at the party. Tradition says that whoever catches the flowers will be the next bride. Some women eagerly try to catch the flower; others shy away.
And then it is time for the bride and groom to set off the tradition of a honeymoon, a trip after the wedding. The trip nowadays varies greatly by wealth, time and preference. Sometimes the couple will spend a single night at a nearby hotel; or they may spend two weeks at a faraway foreign city as well.
1. According to the passage, ______A_______.
A. American wedding ceremonies are somewhat traditional B. American wedding ceremonies provide a lot of flowers
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C. American wedding ceremonies are preferable D. American wedding ceremonies are magnificent
解析：考察对文章细节理解，答案为 A
2. According to the passage, what does the sentence “no matter where or how they are performed” (Para. 1) really mean? C
A. The wedding ceremonies may be held everywhere. B. The wedding ceremonies may be held at any time.
C. The wedding ceremonies may be held in different ways and places. D. The wedding ceremonies may be held in any way.
解析：考察对文章细节理解，答案为 C
3. The word “showered” (in Para. 2) probably means ___B____. A. dressed B. scattered C. provided D. touched
解析：考察对词汇理解，答案为 B
4. From the passage, we can safely conclude that ___A___. A. American couples hold traditional wedding ceremonies. B. American couples hold fashionable wedding ceremonies. C. American couples go on expensive honeymoon trips. D. American couples exchange rings after the honeymoon.
解析：考察对文章细节理解，答案为 A
5. Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A A. Weddings in North America B. Weddings in America C. Wedding Ceremonies
D. Wedding Traditions
解析：考察对文章整理把握，可知答案为 A
The fridge is considered a necessity. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food first appeared with the label: \"store in the refrigerator\".
In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. The milkman came daily, the grocer, the butcher, the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus（剩余的） bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on, food deliveries have ceased; fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country.
The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. A vast way of well-tried techniques already existed — natural cooling, drying, smoking, salting,
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sugaring, bottling ...
What refrigeration did promote was marketing — marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price.
Consequently, most of the world's fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away（不断地嗡嗡作响） continuously, and at vast expense, busily maintain an artificially-cooled space inside and artificially-heated house — while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge.
The fridge's effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If you don't believe me, try it yourself, invest in a food cabinet（橱 柜） and turn off your fridge next winter. You may miss the hamburgers, but at least you’ll get rid of that terrible hum.
1. The statement “In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily.” (Para. 2) suggest that_______C_____ .
A. the author was well-fed and healthy even without a fridge in his fifties B. the author was not accustomed to using fridges even in his fifties C. there was no fridge in the author's home in the 1950s D. the fridge was in its early stage of development in the 1950s
解析：词语释义题。选项 C 是正确答案。
2. Why does the author say that nothing was wasted before the invention of fridges? A. People would not buy more food than was necessary. B. Food was delivered to people two or three times a week. C. Food was sold fresh and did not get rotten easily. D. People had effective ways to preserve their food.
解析：细节题。选项 D为正确答案。
D
3. Who benefited the least from fridges according to the author? A. Inventors. B. Consumers. C. Manufacturers.
D. Traveling salesmen（巡回推销员）.
解析：推断题。选项 B 是正确答案。
B
4. Which of the following phrases in Para.5 indicates the fridge's negative effect on the environment? A
A. \"Hum away continuously\". B. \"Climatically almost unnecessary\". C. \"Artificially-cooled space\". D. \"With mild temperatures\".
解析：细节题。选项 A 是正确答案。
5. What is the author's overall attitude toward fridges? A. Neutral. B. Critical. C. Objective. D. Compromising.
解析：作者态度题。选项 B 是正确答案。
B
Not so long ago almost any student who successfully completes a university degree or diploma course could find a good career quite easily. However, those days are gone, even in Hong Kong, and nowadays graduates often face strong competition in the search for jobs.
Job seekers first have to make a careful assessment of their own abilities. One area of assessment should be of their academic qualifications, which would include special skills within their subject area. Graduates should also consider their own personal values and attitudes, or the relative importance to themselves of such matters as money, security, leadership and caring for others.
The second stage is to study the opportunities available for employment and to think about how the general employment situation is likely to develop in the future. After studying all the various options, they should be in a position to make informed comparisons between various careers.
Job application forms and letters should, of course, be filled in carefully and correctly, without
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grammar or spelling errors.
When graduates are asked to attend for interview, they should prepare properly by finding out all they can about the prospective employer. Dressing suitably and arriving for the interview on time are also obviously important. Interviewees should try to give positive and helpful answers and should not be afraid to ask questions about anything they are unsure about. This is much better than pretending to understand a question and giving an unsuitable answer.
There will always be good career opportunities for people with ability, skills and determination; the secret to securing a good job is to be one of them.
1. In Para.1, the sentence \"... those days are gone, even in Hong Kong ...\" suggest that_______A_____.
A. in the past, finding a good career was easier in Hong Kong than elsewhere B. nowadays, everyone in Hong Kong has an equal chance of finding a good career C. it used to be harder to find a good job in Hong Kong than in other countries D. Hong Kong is no longer the good place for finding jobs
解析：句意理解题。选项 A 是正确答案。
2. The word \"relative\" in Para. 2 could best be replaced by \"___B_________\". A. family B. comparative C. considerable D. slight
解析：句中的名词短语，选项 B 是正确答案。
3. The advice given in the first sentence of Para.3 is to______B______.
A. find out what jobs are available and the opportunities for future promotion B. examine the careers available and how these will be affected in the future C. look at the information on, and probable future location of, various careers D. study the opportunities and the kinds of training that will be available
解析：细节题。选项 B 是正确答案。
4. The word \"prospective\" in Para. 5 is closest in meaning to \"_____C_______\". A. generous B. reasonable C. future
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D. ambitious
解析：词汇题。选项 C 是正确答案。
5. In Para.5, the writer seems to suggest that____C________.
A. interviewees should ask a question if they can't think of an answer
B. pretending to understand a question is better than giving an unsuitable answer C. it is better for interviewees to be honest than to pretend to understand
D. it is not a good idea for interviewees to be completely honest in their answers 解析：细节题目。选项 C 是正确答案。
Dream is a story that a person “watches” or even takes part in during sleep. Dream events are imaginary, but they are related to real experiences and needs in the dreamer’s life. They seem real while they are taking place. Some dreams are pleasant, others are annoying, and still others are frightening.
Everyone dreams, but some persons never recall dreaming. Others remember only a little about a dream they had just before awakening and nothing about earlier dreams. No one recalls all his dreams.
Dreams involve little logical thought. In most dreams, the dreamer cannot control what happens to him. The story may be confusing, and things happen that would not happen in real life. People see in most dreams, but they may also hear, smell, touch, and taste in their dreams. Most dreams occur in color, but persons who have been blind since birth do not see at all in dreams.
Dreams are a product of the sleeper’s mind. They include events and feelings that he has experienced. Most dreams are related to events of the day before the dream and strong wishes of the dreamer. Many minor incidents of the hours before sleep appear in dreams. Few events more than two days old turn up. Deep wishes or fears——especially those held since childhood——often appear in dreams, and many dreams fulfill such wishes. Events in the sleeper’s surrounding——a loud noise, for example, may become part of a dream, but they do not cause dreams.
Some dreams involve deep feelings that a person may not realize he has. Psychiatrists(精神病 医生) often use material from a patient’s dreams to help the person understand himself better.
Dreaming may help maintain good learning ability, memory, and emotional adjustment. People who get plenty of sleep——but are awakened each time they begin to dream——become anxious
and restless.
1. This passage is mainly about ____C_____.
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A. why we dream during sleep B. how we dream during sleep C. what dreams are
D. what benefits dreams bring to people
解析：考察对文章整理把握，可知答案为 C
2. According to the passage, dreams result from _D_____. A. the sleeper’s wishes B. the sleeper’s imagination C. the sleeper’s feeling D. the sleeper’s own mind
解析：考察对文章细节理解，可知答案为 D
3. Which of the following is NOT true? D
A. Dream is a confusing story which involves little logic thought B. Dream is related to the dreamer’s real life.
C. Dream is an imaginary store which seems real while taking place. D. Dream involves events that always happen in real life.
解析：考察对文章细节理解，可知答案为 D
4. This passage suggests that psychiatrists are ____C_____. A. trying to help the dreamer recall his earlier dreams B. trying to make the sleeper dream logically C. studying the benefits of dreams D. helping the sleeper fulfill his dream
解析：考察对文章细节理解，可知答案为 D
5. We may infer from the passage that dreaming ____A___. A. is beneficial to people B. disturbs people’s life C. makes people always restless D. deprives people of good sleep
解析：考察对文章细节理解，可知答案为 A
英译汉：
Even when at home, your work is the top priority.
You are totally committed and driven to work, and your happiness is found in your work.
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Work always seems to take precedence over family and leisure time. You have no social life other than work-related events. You get upset when others suggest you cut back on your work.
解析：本题考点是对课文的翻译和理解。
The soft handwriting reflected a thoughtful soul and insightful mind. In the front of the book，he discovered the previous owner’s name，Miss Hollis Maynell（霍利斯·梅纳尔小姐）. With time and effort he located her address. She lived in New York City. He wrote her a letter introducing himself and inviting her to correspond. The next day he was shipped overseas for service in World War II.
解析：本题考点是对课文的翻译和理解。
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