法律渊源source of law 制定法statute
判例法case law; precedent 普通法common law 特别法special law
固有法native law; indigenous law 继受法adopted law 实体法substantial law 程序法procedural law 原则法fundamental law 例外法exception law
司法解释judicial interpretation 习惯法customary law
公序良俗public order and moral 自然法natural law 罗马法Roman Law 私法private law 公法public law 市民法jus civile 万民法jus gentium 民法法系civil law system
英美法系system of Anglo-American law 大陆法系civil law system 普通法common law 大陆法continental law 罗马法系Roman law system 英吉利法
衡平法equity; law of equity 日尔曼法Germantic law 教会法ecclesiastical law 寺院法canon law 伊斯兰法Islamic law
民法法律规范norm of civil law 授权规范authorization norm 禁止规范forbidding norm 义务性规范obligatory norm 命令性规范commanding norm
民法基本原则fundamental principles of civil law 平等原则principle of equality 自愿原则principle of free will 公平原则principle of justice
等价有偿原则principle of equal value exchange 诚实信用原则principle of good faith
债的担保guarantee of obligation
财产担保property guarantee 信用担保credit guarantee 让与担保alienation guarantee 保证guaranty
明示保证express guaranty 默示保证 implied guaranty 保证人guarantor
保证合同contract of guaranty/suretyship 保证金guaranty bond; security deposit 押金deposit; foregift 预付款advanced payment 定金earnest money; deposit 违约金liquidated damages
法定违约金liquidated damages by law 约定违约金liquidated damages by agreement 债的履行performance of obligation
实际履行原则doctrine of specific performance 情事变更原则doctrine of change of circumstances 不当履行misfeasance 清偿discharge; satisfaction
提存debtor’s submission of the subject matter of obligation to competent authority 抵销setoff
知识产权intellectual property
知识产权国际保护international protection of intellectual property 国民待遇原则doctrine of national treatment 优先权原则a right of priority doctrine 自动保护原则doctrine of automatic protection 特许权使用费royalties 智力成果intellectual property 著作权copyright 版权copyright
著作权人copyright owner 创作creation
作品opus; product; work
著作人格权right of personality of copyright 发表权right of publication
署名权right of authorship; right of paternity 修改权right of modification; right of revision 完整性保持权right to maintain integrity 不可侵犯权inviolability
收回权right of recall; right of retrieval
1
行为/作为act 不作为omission 合法行为lawful act 违法行为unlawful act 民事权利权利能力civil right 绝对权absolute right 相对权relative right 优先权right of priority 先买权preemption 原权antecedent right 救济权right of relief 支配权right of dominion 请求权right of claim
物上请求权right of claim for real thing 形成权right of formation
撤销权right of claiming cancellation 否认权right of claiming cancellation 解除权right of renouncement 代位权subrogated right 选择权right of choice 承认权right of admission 终止权right of termination 抗辩权right of defense
一时性抗辩权momentary right of defense 永久性抗辩权permanent counter-argument right 不安抗辩权unstable counter-argument right
同时履行抗辩权defense right of simultaneous performance 既得权tested right 期待权expectant right 专属权exclusive right 非专属权non-exclusive right 人身权利personal right 人权human right 人格权right of personality 生命健康权right of life and health 姓名权right of name 名称权right of name 肖像权right of portraiture 自由权right of freedom 名誉权right of reputation 隐私权right of privacy 私生活秘密权right of privacy 贞操权virginity right 身份权right of status
亲权parental power; parental right 亲属权right of relative 探视权visitation right
自费出版publish a book at the author’s own expense 著作财产权property right in work 使用收益分享权right to share usufruct 利用权right to make use of 获得报酬权right to get payment 重播权right of rebroadcasting 录制权right of fixation
机械复制权right of mechanograph; right of mechanical reproduction 著作邻接权neighboring right of copyright 剽窃plagiary; plagiarism 盗版pirate
盗版VCD pirated VCD 伪造forge
工业产权industrial property 专利权patent right 优先权日priority date
申请在先原则prior application rule 使用在先priority of use 新颖性novelty 创造性creativity 实用性practicability
发明创造invention and creation 实用新型utility model
外观设计design; industrial design 发明权right of invention 发现权right of discovery 专利申请patent application 专利异议objection to a patent 专利公告patent gazette 专利续展费renewal fee of patent 专利许可协议patent licensing agreement 技术诀窍know-how 专有技术know-how 专利证书certificate of patent 专利事务所patent office 专利代理patent agency
中华人民共和国专利局Patent Office of the People’s Republic of China商标权trademark right
商标国际注册international registration of trademark 商品商标commodity trademark 服务商标service trademark 驰名商标reputed trademark 广告商标advertisement trademark 近似商标similar trademark
商标评审委员会trade review and appraisal board 商标审查trademark examination 商标侵权trademark infringement
2
配偶权right of spouse 荣誉权right of honor 权利的保护protection of right 公力救济public protection 私力救济self-protection 权利本位standard of right 社会本位standard of society 无责任行为irresponsible right
正当防卫justifiable right; ligitimate defence 防卫行为act of defence 自为行为self-conducting act 紧急避险act of rescue; necessity 自助行为act of self-help 不可抗力force majeure 意外事件accident 行为能力capacity for act 意思能力capacity of will 民事行为civil act
意思表示declaration of intention
意思表示一致meeting of minds; consensus 完全行为能力perfect capacity for act 限制行为能力restrictive capacity for act 准禁治产人quasi-interdicted person 保佐protection
自治产人minor who is capable of administering his own capacity 无行为能力incapacity for act 禁治产人interdicted person 自然人natural person 公民citizen 住所domicile 居所residence
经常居住地frequently dwelling place 户籍census register 监护guardianship
个体工商户individual business
农村承包经营户leaseholding rural household 合伙partnership 合伙人partner
合伙协议partnership agreement 合伙财产property of partnership 合伙债务debt of partnership 入伙join partnership
退伙withdrawal from partnership
合伙企业partnership business establishment 个人合伙partnership
法人合伙partnership of legal person 特别合伙special partnership
商标注册registered trademark 商标公告trademark gazette
注册商标使用许可licensing of registered trademark 注册商标转让assignment of registered trademark 商标使用许可协议trademark licensing agreement 商标事务所trademark office 商标代理trademark agency
婚姻、家庭、继承、收养marriage, family, inheritance, adoption 婚姻法marital law; marriage law 包办婚姻arranged marriage
财产分割partition; dismemberment of property 重婚bigamy 独生子女only child 法律婚legal marriage 非婚生子女illegitimate child 夫妻共同财产community property 夫妻关系conjugal relationship
夫妻分居divorce a mensa et thoro; divorce from bed and board 复婚resumption of marriage 感情破裂incompatibility
婚后财产公证notarization of postnuptial properties 婚姻登记marriage registration 婚生子女ligitimate child 计划生育birth control 结婚marry 离婚divorce
买卖婚姻mercenary marriage
拟制血亲blood relations in fiction of law 旁系血亲collateral relation blood relation 涉外婚姻marriage with foreign elements 配偶spouse
事实婚de facto marriage 诉讼离婚divorce by litigation 探视权visitation right 同居cohabitation 晚婚late marriage 无效婚姻void marriage 协议离婚divorce by agreement 一夫一妻制monogamy 早婚early marriage 直系血亲lineal descent 自然血亲natural blood relation 收养法adoption law
收养协议adoption agreement 收养人adoptive parent
送养人person or institution placing out a child for adoption 涉外收养adoption with foreign elements
3
普通合伙general partnership 有限合伙limited partnership 民事合伙civil partnership
隐名合伙sleeping partnership; dormant partnership 私营企业private enterprise; proprietorship 法人legal person
企业法人legal body of enterprise 企业集团group of enterprise 关联企业affiliate enterprise
个人独资企业individual business establishment 国有独资企业solely state-owned enterprise 中外合资企业Sino-foreign joint venture enterprise 中外合作企业Sino-foreign contractual enterprise 社团法人legal body of mass organization 财团法人legal body of financial group 联营joint venture
法人型联营association of legal persons
合伙型联营coordinated management in partnership 协作型联营cooperation-type coordinated management 合作社cooperative 民事法律行为civil legal act
单方民事法律行为unilateral civil legal act 双方民事法律行为bilateral civil legal act 多方民事法律行为joint act civil legal act
有偿民事法律行为civil legal act with consideration
继承法inheritance law; law of succession 法定继承legal seccession 遗嘱继承intestate succession 遗赠继承succession by devise 自然继承natural succession
代位继承representation; succession by subrogation 世袭继承hereditary succession 间接继承indirect succession 转继承subsuccession 共同继承joint succession 单独继承single succession 继承人heir; successor
第二顺序继承人successor second in order 第一顺序继承人successor first in order 继承参与人succession participant 遗产inheritance; heritage
遗产继承人heir to property; inheritor 遗言last will and testament 遗书last words
遗赠bequest; legacy; devise
遗赠抚养协议legacy-support ageement 四、 商事法律 会计法accounting law 税法tax law; taxation law
反不正当竞争法anti-unfair competition law
无偿民事法律行为civil legal act without consideration; civil legal act 消费者权益保护法consumer’s interest protection law without award
实践性民事法律行为practical civil legal act
产品责任法production liability law
消费者权益法consumer rights and interests law 公司法company law; corporate law
诺成性民事法律行为consental civil legal act 要式民事法律行为formal civil legal act 不要式民事法律行为informal civil legal act 要因民事法律行为causative civil legal act 不要因民事法律行为noncausative civil legal act 主民事法律行为principal civil legal act 从民事法律行为accessory civil legal act 附条件民事法律行为conditional civil legal act 附期限民事法律行为civil legal act with term 生前民事法律行为civil legal act before death 死后民事法律行为civil legal act after death 准民事法律行为quasi-civil legal act 无效行为ineffective act
可撤销民事行为revocable civil act 违法行为illegal act; unlawful act 侵权行为tort 欺诈fraud 胁迫duress
公司company; corporation
有限责任公司limited liability company 股份有限公司company limited by shares 无限公司unlimited company
股份两合公司joint stock limited liability partnership 两合公司joint liability company 控股公司holding company 集团公司group company 合资公司joint venture company
联营公司associated company; affiliated company 国营公司state-own company 国有公司state-owned company 民营公司civilian-run company 本国公司national/domestic company 外国公司foreign company 上市公司listed company 母公司parent company 子公司subsidiary
4
乘人之危taking advantage of others’precarious position 以合法形式掩盖非法目的legal form concealing illegal intention 恶意串通malicious collaboration 重大误解gross misunderstanding 显失公平obvious unjust 误传misrepresentation 代理agency 本人principal 被代理人principal 受托人trustee 代理人agent
本代理人original agent
法定代理人statutory agent; legal agent 委托代理人agent by mandate 指定代理人designated agent 复代理人subagent 再代理人subagent 转代理人subagent 代理权right of agency 授权行为act of authorization 授权委托书power of attorney 代理行为act of agency 委托代理agency by mandate 本代理original agency 复代理subagency 次代理subagency
有权代理authorized agency
表见代理agency by estoppel; apparent agency 律师代理agency by lawyer 普通代理general agency 全权代理general agency
全权代理委托书general power of attorney 共同代理joint agency 独家代理sole agency 居间brokerage 居间人broker
行纪commission; broker house 信托trust
时效time limit; prescription; limitation 时效中止suspension of prescription/limitation 时效中断interruption of limitation/prescription 时效延长extension of limitation 取得时效acquisitive prescription
时效终止lapse of time; termination of prescription 期日date 期间term
涉外民事关系civil relations with foreign elements
皮包公司briefcase company; fundless company 募集设立incorporation by stock floatation 发起人floater; initiator 公司名称name of company 公司住址domicile of company 出资contribution; capital subscription 现金出资investment in cash 实物出资investment in kind
工业产权出资investment in industrial property right 非专有技术出资investment in non-patent technology 劳务出资investment in labor
高新技术成果出资investment in hi-tech achievements 注册资本registered capital 实缴资本paid-in capital
验资报告capital verification report 会计师事务所certified public accountants 注册会计师certified public accountant 资本三原则three doctrine of capital
资本确定原则doctrine of capital determination 资本维持原则doctrine of capital maintenance 资本不变原则doctrine of unchanging capital 最低资本额制度minimum capital system
公司章程articles of association; articles of incorporation; bylaw 公司登记incorporation; corporate registration 公司存续existence of company
公司合并分立merger and split of company 公司并购corporate merger and acquisition
公司管理corporate governance; company management 公司法律顾问corporate counsel 公司整顿company rectification 公司歇业closure of business 公司和解company composition 公司解散company dissolution 公司清算company liquidation 公司清理company winding-up
竞业禁止non-commpete; competition prohibition 招股章程prospectus 股本stock capital 股东shareholder
股东大会shareholders’meeting
股东大会决议resolution of shareholders’meeting
股东大会议事规则rule of procedure of shareholders’meeting 表决权voting right; right to vote 董事director 法律翻译公司
董事长president/chairman of the board 首席执行官chief executive officer(CEO)
5
冲突规范rule of conflict
准据法applicable law; governing law 反致renvoi; remission 转致transmission 识别identification
公共秩序保留reserve of public order 法律规避evasion of law 国籍nationality 国有化nationalization 法律责任legal liability
民事责任civil liability/responsibility
行政责任administrative liability/responsibility 刑事责任criminal liability/responsibility
违约责任liability of breach of contract; responsibility of default 有限责任limited liability 无限责任unlimited liability 按份责任shared/several liability 连带责任joint and several liability
过失责任liability for negligence; negligent liability 过错责任fault liability; liability for fault 单独过错sole fault 共同过错joint fault 混合过错mixed fault 被害人过错victim’s fault 第三人过错third party’s fault 推定过错presumptive fault 恶意bad faith; malice
故意deliberate intention; intention; willfulness 过失negligence
重大过失gross negligence
疏忽大意的过失careless and inadvertent negligence 过于自信的过失negligence with undue assumption 损害事实facts of damage 有形损失tangible damage/loss 无形损失intangible damage/loss 财产损失property damage/loss 人身损失personal damage/loss 精神损失spiritual damage/loss
民事责任承担方式methods of bearing civil liability 停止侵害cease the infringing act
排除妨碍exclusion of hindrance; removal of obstacle 消除危险elimination of danger 返还财产restitution of property
首席运营官chief operation officer(COO) 执行董事executive director 常务董事managing director 董事会board of directors
董事会领导下的经理负责制responsibility system of the chief executive officer under the leadership of the board of directors 经理独立负责制manager independent responsibility system 监事supervisor
监事会board of supervisors 股share; stock 普通股common stock 特别股special stock 资格股qualification stock 优先股preferred stock 劣后股inferior stock
表决权股stock with voting power 溢价股premium stock 折价股converting stock 国家股state-owned share
集体股collective share法人股corporate share 企业股enterprise share 个人股individual share 股息dividend
红股bonus stock; dividend stock 法定公积金legal accumulation fund 资本公积金capital accumulation fund 盈余公积金surplus accumulation fund 任意公积金optional accumulation fund 公司犯罪corporate crime 证券法securities law
证券发行issuance of securities 证券上市list securities; float an issue 证券交易所stock exchange 证券商securities dealer 证券公司securities company
证券承销商consortium of underwriters 证券承销合同underwriting contract 证券经纪人securities broker 披露制度disclosing system 交割日closing date
风险投资基金venture capital fund 上海证券交易所Shanghai Stock Exchange 深圳证券交易所Shenzhen Stock Exchange 证券监督委员会securities supervision committee 恢复原状restitution; restitution of original state
6
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容