2019届高考英语一轮复习专项提升训练 阅读理解与阅读表达专项提升训练
（天津卷适用）
一、阅读理解 1
The Pacific Islands
There are many groups of islands in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, which are called the Pacific Islands. These islands are always warm and the weather there is the same most of the year. Between the months of April and November there is less rain and some cool wind , but the weather is still warm. The people of the Pacific Islands have brown skin and thick black hair. They are usually tall and strong. They came from Asia a very long time ago.
The life of the day begins when the sun comes up. The shouts of the young men are heard from among the trees. They shout to one another as they go quickly to their work. As the sun begins to shine on the soft brown roofs and the tall thin trees, birds call. The noise of the sea is mixed with the noise of the village. Babies cry and little children roll out of their beds and walk slowly down to the sea to wash their faces. Boys, going fishing, get their things and go to find their friends. The whole village opens its eyes and goes toward the sea.
In the houses, the wives and the mothers with little babies sit and talk to each other. Old men sit by themselves. They roll leaves to make ropes(绳子). It is twelve o’clock. The ground burns the feet of the little children and they run into the houses from the sea. The men bring boats with lots of fish out of the sea onto the land.
At night they go together to a big house to drink.
1. The weather is the same for most of the year. It is always _____. A.warm and very hot B.warm and cool C.cool and rainy
D.usually very cool, but sometimes very hot
2. The whole village opens its eyes and goes towards _____. A.the hill B.the sea C.the village D.the house
3.The people of the Pacific Islands have _____ and they came from _____ long ago. A.white skin and black hair, Africa B.brown skin and black hair, Asia C.brown hair and white skin, China
D.thick black hair and all are tall,Europe
4. At noon the village is very quiet because _____.
1
A.there is no one on the island
B.the children are swimming in the deep sea C.it is very hot outside D.the men are out of the sea 5.The fishermen come home _____. A.at noon
B.in the morning
C.when the sun goes down
D.when the children call them 2
By trying to tickle(挠痒痒) rats and recording how their nerve cells respond, Shimpei Ishiyama and his adviser are discovering a mystery that has puzzled thinkers since Aristotle expected that humans, given their thin skin and unique ability to laugh, were the only ticklish animals.
It turns out that Aristotle was wrong. In their study published on Thursday, Ishiyama and his adviser Michael Brecht found that rats squeaked and jumped with pleasure when tickled on their backs and bellies. These signs of joy changed according to their moods. And for the first time, they discovered a special group of nerve cells. These nerve cells made this feeling so powerful that it causes an individual being tickled to lose control.
To make sure that he had indeed found a place in the brain where tickling was processed, Ishiyama then stimulated(刺激) that area with electrical currents. The rats began to jump like rabbits and sing like birds.
“It’s truly ground-breaking,” said Jeffrey Burgdorf, a neuroscientist at Northwestern University who reviewed the paper. “It takes the study of emotion to a new level.”
Burgdorf has played a central role in our understanding of animal tickling. He was part of a team that first noticed, in the late 1990s, that rats made special noises when they were experiencing social pleasure. Others had already noted that rats repeatedly made short and high sounds during meals. But the lab where Burgdorf worked noticed that they emitted similar sounds while playing. And so one day, the senior scientist in the lab said, “Let’s go and tickle some rats.” They quickly found that those cries of pleasure doubled.
“The authors have been very adventurous,” said Daniel O’Connor, a
neuroscientist at Johns Hopkins University who studies touch. To him, that finding was very surprising.
“Why does the world literally feel different when you are stressed out?” he said. “This is the first step towards answering that question. It gives us a way to approach it with experimental rigor(严谨).”
1.What contributed to humans’ being ticklish according to Aristotle? A.Their special skin. B.Their social pleasure. C.Their nervous system.
D.Their willingness to touch.
2
2.Why did the researchers make use of electrical currents? A.To discover the special group of nerve cells. B.To experiment on different animals. C.To follow the process of tickling. D.To prove their finding.
3.Which of the following statements will Jeffrey Burgdorf agree with? A.The research process is full of risks.
B.The finding of the study is surprising and unbelievable. C.The new discovery is beneficial for the study of emotion. D.The finding of the study actually contradicts modern science.
4.The underlined word “squeak” in Paragraph 2 may be explained by ______. A.give a smile B.make a noise C.burst into tears
D.watch with staring eyes
5.What is the best title for the text? A.The Life of Rats B.How Rats Laugh
C.A Wonderful Scientist D.A New Discovery about Rat
3 Electric cars are dirty. In fact, not only are they dirty, they might even be more dirty than their gasoline-powered cousins.
People in California love to talk about “zero-emissions(排放)vehicles”, but people in California seem to be clueless about where electricity comes from. Power plants mostly use fire to make it. Aside from the new folks who have their roofs covered with solar cells, we get our electricity from generators(发电机). Generators are fueled by something--usually coal, oil, but also by heat generated in nuclear power plants. There are a few wind farms and geothermal (地热)plants as well, but by far we get electricity mainly by burning something.
In other words, those \"zero-emissions\" cars are likely coal-burning cars. It’s just because the coal is burned somewhere else, it looks clean. It is not. It's as if the California Greens are covering their eyes—“If I can't see it, it's not happening.” Gasoline is an incredibly efficient way to power a vehicle; a gallon of gas has a lot of energy in it. But when you take that gas(or another fuel)and first use it to make electricity, you waste a nice part of that energy, mostly in the form of wasted heat—at the generator, through the transmission lines, etc. A gallon of gas may propel your car 25 miles. But the electricity you get from that gallon of gas won't get you nearly as far— so electric cars burn more fuel than gasoline-powered ones. If our electricity came mostly from nukes or geothermal, or hydro or wind or solar, then an electric car truly would be clean. But for political, technical, and economic reasons, we don't use much of those energy sources.
In addition, electric cars' batteries which are poisonous for a long time will eventually end up in a landfill. And finally, when cars are the polluters, the
3
pollution is spread across all the roads. When it's a power plant, though,all the junk is in one place. Nature is very good at cleaning up when things are too concentrated, but it takes a lot longer when all the garbage is in one spot. 1.What does “clueless” mean in paragraph 2? A.People see the California Greens everywhere
B.People there have no idea that so far electricity mainly comes from burning coal, oil, etc
C.People in California love to have their roofs covered with solar cells D.People in California love to talk about zero-emissions vehicles 2.What is the main idea of the text? A.Electric cars are not clean at all
B.Electric cars are better than gasoline-powered ones C.People cast doubts on electric cars’ batteries D.Gasoline is an efficient way to power a vehicle
3.The electricity we get from a gallon of gas may make our car run ______. A.not less than 25 miles B.as far as 50 miles C.as far as 25 miles D.not more than 25 miles
4.According to the text, electric cars ______. A.are more environmentally friendly B.burn more fuel than gas-powered ones
C.are very good at cleaning up when things are not too concentrated
D.are poisonous for a long time and will eventually end up in a landfill 5.It can be inferred from the text that ______.
A.being green is good and should be encouraged in communication B.electric cars are now the dominant vehicle compared with gasoline-powered cousins C.zero-emissions vehicles should be chosen to protect our environment D.electric cars are not clean because we get electricity mainly by burning something 4 At sixteen Ron Mackie might have stayed at school, but the future called to him excitedly. \"Get out of the classroom into a job,\" it said, and Ron obeyed. His father, supporting the decision, found a place for him in a supermarket. \"You're lucky, Ron,\" he said. \"For every boy with a job these days, there's a dozen without salary. \" So Ron joined the working world at twenty pounds a week.
For a year he spent his days filling shelves with tins of food. By the end of that time he was looking back on his school days as a time of great variety and satisfaction. He searched for an interest in his work, with little success.
One fine day, instead of going to work, Ron got a lift on a train going south. With nine pounds in his pocket, a full heart and a great longing for the sea, he set out to make a better way for himself. That evening, in Bournemouth, he had a sandwich and a drink in a coffee house managed by an elderly man and his wife. Before he had finished the sandwich, the woman had taken him on for the rest of the summer, at twenty pounds a week, a room upstairs and three meals a day. The ease and speed
4
of it rather took Ron's breath away. At quiet sea Ron had to check the old man's account in the records of the business.
At the end of the season, he stayed on the coast. He was again surprised how straightforward it was for a boy of seventeen to make a living. He worked in shops mostly, but once he took a job in a hotel for three weeks. Later in October he was taken on by the sick manager of a shoe shop. Ron soon found himself in charge there; he was the only one who could keep the books. 1.Why did Ron Mackie leave school at sixteen? A.He was made to leave by his father.
B.He had reached the age when he had to leave. C.He was worried about the future. D.He wanted to start work.
2.What did Ron's father think about his leaving school? A.He thought his son was doing the right thing. B.He didn’t know whether it was right to do that.
C.He did not like the idea, but he helped Ron to find work. D.He knew there was a job for every boy who wanted one. 3.It took about a year for Ron to realize that_____. A.he worked well because he was interested in the job B.his work at the supermarket was dull
C.being at work was much better than going to school D.the store manager wanted to fire him
4.Ron took different jobs as a clerk in all the places EXCEPT ______. A.a supermarket B.a coffee house C.a shoe shop
D.a coastal restaurant
5.Ron was able to take over the shoe shop because ______. A.he got on well with the manager there B.he had experience of selling books
C.he knew how to keep the accounts of the business D.he was young and strong
5 For grown-ups, an afternoon snooze(打盹) is often easier said than done. But many of us have probably experienced just how simple it can be to catch some sleep in a gently rocking hammock(吊床). By examining brain waves in sleeping adults, researchers reported in the June 21 issue of Current Biology, a Cell Press publication, that they now have evidence to explain why that is. “It is a common belief that rocking causes sleep: we fall asleep in a rocking chair soon and, since ancient times, we cradle our babies to sleep,” said Sophie Schwartz of the University of Geneva. “Yet, how this works had remained a mystery. The goal of our study was made up of two parts: to test whether rocking does indeed improve sleep, and to understand how this might work at the brain level.” Schwartz, Michel Mühlethaler, and their colleagues Laurence Bayer and Irina Constantinescu asked twelve adult volunteers to nap on a custom-made bed or
5
“experimental hammock” that could either remain still or rock gently. All
participants were good sleepers who didn’t typically nap and did not suffer from excessive sleepiness during the day. Each participant took two 45-minute afternoon naps, one with the bed still and one with the bed in motion, while their brain activity was monitored.
“We observed a faster transition to sleep in each and every subject in the swinging condition,” Mühlethaler said. “Surprisingly, we also observed a dramatic boosting of certain types of sleep-related brain waves.”
More specifically, rocking increased the length of stage N2 sleep, a form of non-rapid eye movement sleep that normally occupies about half of a good night’s sleep. The rocking bed also had a lasting effect on brain activity, increasing slow brain waves and bursts of activity known as sleep spindles(纺锤体).
Schwartz and Mühlethaler say the next step is to find out whether rocking can improve longer periods of sleep and to find out whether it may be useful for the treatment of sleep disorders, such as insomnia(失眠).
1.What does the June 21 issue of Current Biology tell us according to Paragraph 1? A.It is more difficult for grown-ups to fall asleep. B.People today like to sleep in a rocking hammock.
C.Many people nowadays suffer from excessive sleepiness.
D.There comes the evidence to explain why rocking benefits people’s sleep. 2.What can we learn from Sophie Schwartz’s words? A.Her team aimed to answer two questions. B.The study is going to benefit babies a lot. C.The study had been kept secret before finished. D.People used to believe rocking was bad for sleep.
3.What finding was beyond the researchers’ expectation?
A.The rocking seemed to improve participants’ sleep quality.
B.All the participants fell asleep faster in the swinging condition. C.Some participants couldn’t fall asleep in the swinging condition. D.Participants had a tendency to sleep excessively in the swinging bed.
4.What do Schwartz and Mühlethaler expect to figure out in the next research? A.Whether swing can cause insomnia. B.Whether swing can extend sleep time. C.Whether swing can change brain waves.
D.Whether swing can benefit memory consolidation. 5.A suitable title for this passage would probably be . A.Take a snooze. Easier said than done.
B.Want a faster sleep?Change your sleeping habits. C.Need a nap?Find yourself a hammock.
D.Suffer from sleep disorder? New treatment found.
6 Air pollution is getting more and more serious in many places around the world. The fact that public parks in cities become crowded proves that people long
6
to breathe in green, open spaces. And, in these surroundings, they are generally both peaceful and peaceable. It is rare to see people being at odds or even fighting in a garden. It seems to be proved that if human beings can freely breathe and share air, there is no primary reason for them to struggle with one another.
But do we only sense what life could be when we enjoy green spaces? The plant would silently shows us what a reflection of life truthfully is. It also helps us to a new beginning urging us to care for our breath. We must, in turn, care for it, opposing any sort of pollution that destroys both our world and that of plans. The interdependence to which we must pay the closest attention is what exists between ourselves and the plant world. Often described as “the lungs of the planet”, the woods that cover the earth offer us the gift of breathable air by releasing oxygen .But their capacity to renew the air polluted by industry has long reached its limit. If we continue to pollute the air by filling it with chemicals and destroy the ability of plans to restore it we will soon pull our world into an unavoidable disaster.
Humans must learn to share life, both with each other and with plans. This task can be carried out only when each tasks it upon her-or himself-and only when all work together. The lesson taught by plants is that human life can only exist with nature. We must come to view the air, the plants and ourselves as the countries to the protection of life and growth, rather than productive objects we can use and throw away freely. Perhaps then we would finally begin to live, rather than merely survive.
1.What does the underlined part “being at odds” mean? A.relaxing B.exercising C.conflicting D.hurrying 2.According to the first paragraph, what does the author suppose might be the primary reason that people would struggle with each other? A.To get their share of clean air. B.To purpose a comfortable life. C.To gain a higher social status. D.To seek economic benefits.
3.What does the author try to draw our closest attention to? A.The massive burning of fossil fuels. B.Our relationship to the plant world.
C.The capacity of plans to renew polluted air. D.Large-scale deforestation across the world.
4.How can human beings achieve the goal of protecting the planet, according to the author?
A.By showing respect for plants. B.By preserving all forms of life. C.By consuming all natural resources. D.By all making their efforts together.
7
5.What does the author suggest we do in order to not just survive, but lives better? A.Expand the range of living.
B.Developing nature’s potentials. C.Share life with nature. D.Explore new resources.
7 In many businesses,computers have largely replaced paperwork, because they are fast, flexible and do not make mistakes. As the banker said, “Unlike humans, computers never have a bad day.”And they are honest. Many banks advertise that their trade is “untouched by human hands” and therefore safe from human temptation(诱惑). Obviously, computers have no reason to steal money. But they have no conscience and the growing number of computer crimes shows they can be used to steal.
Computer criminals don't use guns. And even if they are caught, it is hard to punish them because there are no witnesses and often no evidence. A computer cannot remember who used it, but simply does what it is told. The head teller at a New York City Bank used a computer to steal more than one and a half billion. No one noticed the theft because he moved the money from one account to another. Each time a customer he had robbed questioned the balance in his account, the teller claimed a computer error and then replaced the missing money from someone else's account. This man was caught only because he was a gambler. When the police broke up an illegal gambling operation, his name was in the records.
Some employees use the computer's power to get revenge on their bosses they consider unfair. Recently, a large insurance company fired its computer-tape librarian for reasons that involved her personal rather than professional life. She was given thirty days notice. In those thirty days, she rubbed out all the company's computerized records.
Most computer criminals have been common workers. Now the police wonder if this is “the tip of the iceberg”. As one official says, “I have the feeling that there is more crime out there than we are catching. What we are seeing now is all so poorly done. I wonder what the real experts are doing—the ones who really know how a computer works. ”
1.Which feature of computers makes computer theft possible? A.They are fast, flexible and accurate to run every program. B.They usually function normally.
C.They have no sense of what is right or wrong. D.They have no reason to steal money.
2.The author uses the case of the head teller to show_____________. A.how computer criminals do evil things
B.how hard it is to find a computer criminal C.computers lack conscience
D.computer crime can involve a big sum of money
3.The head teller was found guilty of stealing_____________.
A.after the police examined the illegal gambling operation documents. B.when the police broke up an illegal gambling operation.
C.after he was questioned in the unusual balance of an account.
8
D.when he was caught transmitting money from one account from another. 4.Why did the computer-tape librarian erase all the company's computerized records? A.She might think it was right to revenge any injustice in personal life. B.She might think the employer was wrong to fire her for personal problems. C.The company carelessly gave her enough time to do the erasing. D.The company always interfered with its employees’ personal life. 5.What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A.Minor employees are supposed to be responsible for economic criminals. B.Of all crimes, computer theft is the “tip of the iceberg”. C.There are more computer crimes committed by computer masters. D.Computer crimes are all poorly done. 8 Even if trees cannot walk, they are still on the move. In parts of the Arctic, entire forests are moving northward. Across the Arctic, temperatures are rising faster than anywhere else in the world. As that happens, the tree line that marks where forests stop and the treeless tundra (冻土地带) starts has been shifting northward. Trees growing along the tree line must protect themselves from the cold wind. To do this, plants tend to grow horizontal ( 水平的) branches low to the ground. The energy it takes for trees to grow this way means they don't have enough energy to make seeds.
But as Earth's climate has been warming, trees no longer have to just grow horizontally. Many can instead grow up toward the sky. This takes less energy. And with all that leftover energy, these trees have started producing more seeds. This happens especially in places where the white spruce( 白云杉) grows.
White spruce, which is a North American tree, is quite able to produce a lot of seeds, which can move long distances in the wind. When wind-blown seeds end up on the tundra beyond the tree line, they eventually can sprout ( 发芽) new trees. This explains how a forest can move. Of course, the process would work only if tundra were warm enough. But in recent years, the whole planet has been warming.
New trees will provide shelters for some snow, keeping the sun's rays from making the white surface disappear. Instead, the trees absorb the sun's heat. This warms the surrounding air. The extra warmth encourages even more trees to produce seeds. That further boosts a forest's ability to expand. In addition, more trees will trap more snow, preventing much of it from being blown away. Snow can trap heat in the soil below, which encourages trees to grow. The recent rise of temperature has helped more trees grow. The recent rise of temperature has helped more trees grow past the tree line. People worry about impacts on the animals that depend on frozen conditions for food and shelter.
1.What is the main cause of the trees in the Arctic moving northward? A.The shrinking of northern tundra. B.The rising temperature. C.The fierce and cold wind.
D.The abundant resources in the north.
2.What does the underlined word \"this” in Paragraph 1 mean?
9
A.To produce more seeds. B.To move northward.
C.To respond to the climate change.
D.To protect themselves from the cold wind.
3.Why a forest can move according to the passage? A.Because tundra can move freely along with the wind.
B.Because the whole planet is moving and warm due to the climate change. C.Because the weeds can move casually and move long distances in the wind. D.Because the wind-blown seeds stop on the tundra. 4.What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A.New trees can trap the snow, which may make the soil colder. B.The trapped snow prevents new trees from producing more seeds. C.New trees can make the surrounding air warmer.
D.New trees can bring more food and shelter for local animals. 5.The passage is most probably taken from _______. A.a science report B.a health report C.a fashion magazine D.a children's magazine 二、阅读表达
9.阅读短文,并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Some people live to climb the highest mountains. Some people live only dreaming about it while others live to avoid ever climbing at all. But one thing is certain, all people encounter mountains in their life.
When I was a little girl, my family moved to a tiny town at the bottom of a big mountain. One day after school, while exploring the green woods of this magnificent mountain, I almost fell on a set of stairs. What could these steps lead to? Curiosity got the best of me as I knew it would be starting to get dark soon. I started climbing up those strangely mysterious steps. I climbed and climbed. There was nothing but just green bushes and these steps. I had to reach the top! But it was now getting real dark. If I kept going I might not be able to see my way back. My mom would be worried sick if I didn’t come home soon. So I ran back home almost in the dark while trying not to get too scared. Anxiously I went to bed dreaming about what I would find at the top of this magical mountain. Could there be a castle up there? Maybe I would find a monster(怪物). Maybe I was taking the risk of never coming back home. Or, maybe all I would find was absolutely nothing! But something inside me was going to climb that mountain at all cost. I could hardly wait to try this adventure again.
Now we live in a world surrounded by the \"can’t do\" attitudes. We all fall down. We all have doubts and regrets. Still we must climb and dream about what’s at the top of our mountain. Monsters may appear or the night will fall. But never ever give up on your dream! Never let anyone tell you, \"You can’t.\" Dream big and climb high!
10
1.What made the author start to climb up the stairs to the mountain top? (no more than 5 words)
2.Why did the author hurry back home without reaching the top of the mountain? Give two reasons. (no more than 15 words) 3.How would you describe the author in terms of personalities according to Paragraph 4? (no more than 10 words)
4.How do you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph? (no more than 5 words)
5.What’s your attitude towards the \"mountain\" in your life? Please explain. (no more than 20 words)
10阅读下面的短文,并根据短文后的要求答题。
Learning to save money when you're young is an important lesson. All good lessons and habits begin early, and saving is a skill that everyone needs. Many people—adults included—do not have a good sense of saving for the long run. I have been lucky to learn this lesson early because I have had a
grass-cutting business since I was 10 years old. Of the money I make I spend about 10 percent and save the other 90. Making sure you save and don't spend too much is a good way to build up wealth. I have put my earnings in a bank. Many teens I know spend all the money they earn so it never has a chance to grow. Young people should realize that their teenage years are a great time to begin saving.
At high school many parents pay for almost everything, so your expenses can be small. If you have a job, you should have fun with some of the money. But you should also save some so that it will grow. Then you can begin planning for your future. When you spend money, you not only lose that money, but also lose the interest you could have earned by saving it.
After high school, college is expensive and then \"real\" life begins, with expenses such as food and rent. If you can hold onto a good percentage of the money you earn as a teen, going to college and buying a house will be much easier. , the more time the money has to grow. If you are in your thirties without any savings, you will always have to struggle. The earlier you begin saving, the easier it is to create a nest egg.
Later in life it can be hard to start saving because general costs of living are more expensive and you may only have enough to pay your bills. If you want to buy a house and have a family, you need money to start with, which comes from saving. Many say money cannot make you happy, and this is true. But money can help you to lead a secure life.
Saving early will mean you will have to work for fewer years when you are older. It will also allow you to spend time doing the things that you want to do. In addition to this, it will mean you can live the way you want to without worrying.
1.What’s the best title of the passage?
2.Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one? As long as you save early, you’ll do less work to live well at your old age.
11
3.Please fill in the blank in the passage with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence.(within 10 words)
4.According to the passage, what do you think of saving? (within 30 words) 5.Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.
11 It was a winter morning, just a couple of weeks before Christmas. While most people were warming up their cars, Trevor, my husband, had to get up early to ride his bike four kilometers away from home to work. On arrival, he parked his bike outside the back door as he usually does. After putting in 10 hours of labor, he returned to find his bike gone.
The bike, a black Kona 18 speed, was our only transport. Trevor used it to get to work, putting in 60-hour weeks to support his young family. And the bike was also used to get groceries (食品杂货), saving us from having to walk long distances from where we live.
I was so sad that someone would steal our bike that I wrote to the newspaper and told them our story. Shortly after that, several people in our area offered to help. One wonderful stranger even bought a bike, and then called my husband to pick it up. Once again my husband had a way to get to and from his job. It really is an honor that a complete stranger would go out of their way for someone they have never met before.
People say that a smile can be passed from one person to another, but acts of kindness from strangers are even more so. This experience has had a spreading effect in our lives because it strengthened our faith in humanity (人性) as a whole. And it has influenced (影响) us to be more mindful of ways we, too, can share with others. No matter how big or how small, an act of kindness shows that someone cares. And the results can be everlasting.
1.Why was the bike so important to the couple? (No more than 10 words) _____________________________________________________________. 2.What can we infer from Paragraph 2? (No more than 10 words) _____________________________________________________________.
3.Please explain the unlined phrase “pick up” in English? (No more than 3 words) ______________________________________________________.
4.How did people get to know the couple's problem? (No more than 3 words) ______________________________________________________.
5.What do the couple learn from their experience? (No more than 10 words) _______________________________________________________. 12 Playing is serious business for children. In fact, it’s what they do best! Ask them why they do it, and kids will probably say, “Because it’s fun!” But it’s much more than that. It’s also good for them.
Studies show that from birth babies begin learning through play. They use their five senses to get know their new world. Touching allows them to discover how different things feel. Brightly colored toys and clothing help develop a baby’s sense of sight. When small children choose which toy to play with, they begin developing their abilities in making decisions.
12
Children love toys that allow them to use their imagination. Sometimes an empty box is more fun than a high-tech toy. That’s because a box can become anything a child imagines it to be.
Crayons, paints and Play-Doh(彩色塑泥) are also good because they allow children to create. Traditional building blocks teach important pre-math skills like problem-solving.
Playing doesn’t become any less important once children start school. Many valuable lessons about life are learned on the school playground. Kids learn how to share, take turns and play by the rules.
1.What can children do best in their childhood? (No more than 5 words) ______________________________________________________________
2.What help develop a baby’s sense of sight according to the passage? (No more than 5 words)
______________________________________________________________
3.When do the children begin developing their abilities in making decisions? (No more than 10 words)
______________________________________________________________ 4.What kind of toys do children love? (No more than 10 words) ______________________________________________________________ 5.What does the passage mainly tell us? (No more than 5 words) _____________________________________________________________. 13 Rock climbing requires not only physical strength, but also complete mental concentration. So it is not an easy sport. But this may not be true for 20-year-old Sasha diGuilian. This fearless girl who has been dominating the sport ever since she entered this field is just getting warmed up.
The youngster who is also studying for a creative writing degree at Columbia University says that she began climbing even before she could walk. As a baby, she constantly escaped from her bed and led her friends to the nearest rocks or hills. Then at the age of seven she attended brother’s birthday party at a local rock climbing gym and found her gift for it.
Soon after, she joined the local center in her hometown of Alexandria, Virginia and began climbing— first once a week, then twice and soon, almost every day. At the age of nine, she won her first climbing competition by participating in an event that she hadn’t even been aware of, until she went to the gym for her normal climbing routine. Her competitive nature and love for the sport immediately reached the peak and she began training seriously, but this time outside the gym—climbing real mountains.
As a youngster, she dominated the Junior Continental Championships from 2004 to 2010. Then she went on to catch the Pan American Championship and the US National Championship as soon as she was old enough. And in 2011, at just 18 years old, she was crowned(加冕)Female Overall World Champion in Arco, Italy at her first attempt. Sasha diGuilian is also the youngest woman who has completed the 5.14d graded climb in which climbers must climb rocks that are vertical. The 5.14d graded climb is regarded as the most difficult climb and it is something that even the most
13
experienced climbers are a little afraid to take on, because a small slip could result in a severe injury or even death.
1.What does the underlined word “dominating” (Paragraph 1) mean?(1 word) _________________________________________________________________
2.Where and when did Sasha diGuilian find she had the talent for rock climbing? (No more than 12 words)
_____________________________________________________________________
3.What made Sasha diGuilian begin training seriously to climb real mountains? (No more than 10 words)
_________________________________________________________________
4.Why is the 5.14d graded climb considered the most difficult climb? (No more than 7 words)
_________________________________________________________________
5.Please explain how you are inspired by Sasha diGuilian.(No more than25 words) ___________________________________________________________________ 14阅读下面短文,按照要求用英文回答问题。
Are you a shy person? Do you find shyness prevents you from thinking clearly and performing well in your work? Overcoming shyness takes time and it is certainly worth taking some steps. The following are some good suggestions for you to fight against shyness.
Know you are in great company
If you are shy, you are not alone. It is reported that 93 percent of people experience shyness in their lives. And of course there are some cool, nice, kind and generous people who are shy. Since there are so many people who experience the same feelings and thoughts as you do, there is no need to blame yourself for being shy.
Give yourself time and space
Being shy is not easy and sometimes it can be annoying. I have certainly felt this many times. I find the best thing is to give myself time and space. Many shy people say that they need to have some time alone each day. If you are shy, make sure you allow yourself time to gather your thoughts. Doing this means you have more energy to deal with others.
Realize you can overcome shyness
Sometimes you can get so baffled by being shy that it can be hard to see that this is something you can overcome. In fact, everyone can overcome shyness. Next time you meet strangers or have to speak before others, try to be brave. You can do it. What’s more, the older you are, the more experiences you have. And this means there are more situations where you feel comfortable and you are able to overcome your shyness little by little. Don’t just wait. Shyness won’t go away if you leave it as it is.
1.What’s the best title for the passage?(Within 5 words) 2.What’s the disadvantage of being shy?(Within 10 words)
3.Why is it unnecessary to blame yourself for being shy?(Within 15 words) 4.Please explain the underline word “baffled”in English.(Within 5 words)
14
5.According to the passage,why do shy people need time for themselves?(Within 15 words)
15阅读下面的短文,请根据短文后的要求答题。
Parents should stop blaming themselves because there’s not a lot they can do about it. I mean the teenager problem. Whatever you do or however you choose to deal with it, at certain times a wonderful, reasonable and helpful child will turn into a terrible animal.
I’ve seen friends deal with it in all kinds of different ways. One strict mother insisted that her son, right from a child, should stand up whenever anyone entered the room, open doors and shake hands like a gentleman. I saw him last week when I called round. Sprawling himself (懒散地躺) on the sofa in full length, he made no attempt to turn off the loud TV that he was watching as I walked in, and his greeting was no more than a quick glance at me. His mother was ashamed. “I don’t know what to do with him these days,” she said. “He’s forgotten all the manners we taught him.”
He hasn’t forgotten them. He’s just decided that he’s not going to use them. She confessed (坦白) that she would like to come up behind him and throw him down from the sofa onto the floor.
Another good friend of mine let her two daughters climb all over the furniture, reach across the table, stare at me and say, “I don’t like your dress; it’s ugly.” One of the daughters has recently been driven out of school.The other has left home.
“Where did we go wrong?” her parents are now very sad. Probably nowhere. 1.Whom do you think is this passage most probably written by?(No more than 10 words) 2.Please explain the underlined phrase “deal with” in English.(No more than 1 words)
3.Think of an adjective word to describe the boy on the sofa.(No more than 1 words) 4.Why was the mother in the second paragraph ashamed?(No more than 20 words) 5.Which example about the sudden change in teenage children in the passage strikes you most and why?(No more than 20 words) 16阅读短文,按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Born in 1949, Diana Nyad took an early interest in swimming as a sport and was a Florida State High School swimming champion. Like many young athletes, she had Olympic dreams, but a serious illness kept her from competing in the Games. The disappointment didn’t stop her from going forward. Instead, she became interested in marathon swimming. A brilliant athlete, she was well-conditioned for spending long periods of time in the water. As a long-distance swimmer, she would compete against herself and the obstacles presented by distance, danger, cold, and exhaustion.
For ten years Nyad devoted herself to becoming one of the world’s best long-distance swimmers. In 1970, she swam a ten-mile marathon in Lake Ontario, setting the women's record for the course. In 1972 she set another record by swimming 102.5 miles from an island in the Bahamas to the coast of Florida. Then she broke a third record when swimming around Manhattan Island in 1975.
15
Nyad attempted to swim the distance between Florida and Cuba in 1978. Though the span of water is less than 100 miles wide, it is rough and dangerous. After battling the water for two days, she had to give up for the sake of her own health and safety. Even so, she impressed the world with her courage and strong desire to succeed. For Nyad her strength of purpose was just as important as reading Cuba. That is how she defined success. It did not matter that her swim came up short; she believed she had touched the other shore.
When Nyad ended her career as a swimmer, she continued to try new things— travelling the world as a reporter, writing books and giving public speeches about her life. Diana Nyad works to inspire others, just as she did when she swam the waters of the world.
1.What prevented Nyad from taking part in the Olympic Games? (No more than 5 words) 2.What does the underlined word “obstacles” mean? (1 word)
3.What achievement did Nyad make in 1970? (No more than 10 words.)
4.Why did Nyad believe that she had touched the other shore? (No more than 10 words) 5.Please explain how you are inspired by Nyad. (No more than 20 words)
16
参考答案
一、阅读理解
答案： 1.A; 2.B; 3.B; 4.C; 5.C 答案： 1.A; 2.D; 3.C; 4.B; 5.D 答案： 1.B; 2.A; 3.D; 4.B; 5.D 答案： 1.D; 2.A; 3.B; 4.D; 5.C 答案： 1.D; 2.A; 3.A; 4.B; 5.C 答案： 1.C; 2.A; 3.B; 4.D; 5.C 答案： 1.C; 2.B; 3.B; 4.B; 5.C 答案： 1.B; 2.D; 3.D; 4.C; 5.A
二、阅读表达
9.答案：1.
Curiosity made her do so. Or:The desire to explore. 2.
Because it was getting dark,and she didn’t want her mother to worry about her. Or:Because she was seared,and might not be able to find her/the way back home. 3.
She had rich imagination and she was brave.
Or:She was a brave and determined girl with rich imagination. Or:She was imaginative and determined,and she dared to explore. Or:She was imaginative,adventurous and determined. 4.
We all sometimes fail.
Or:We face failure/defeat/hardships/challenges in life. Or:There are difficulties/barriers/obstacles in life. Or:We run into trouble sometimes. Or:We have trouble in life. 5.
I will try to reach my goal because I want to live an exciting life.
Or:I will try to reach/get to the top of the“mountain”because I want to be successful in life. 解析：
本文是一篇夹叙夹议短文阅读。作者通过小时候爬山的经历告诉我们:我们每个人在人生中都会遇到很多座山,但我们要勇于梦想,攀登高峰。 1. 细节归纳题。根据文章第二段What could these steps lead to? Curiosity got the best of me as I knew it would be starting to get dark soon. I started climbing up those
17
strangely mysterious steps.可知,好奇心驱使作者探索这些台阶通往什么,从而可以归纳出答案,注意字数的限制。
2. 细节归纳题。根据文章第三段But it was now getting real dark. If I kept going I might not be able to see my way back. My mom would be worried sick if I didn’t come home soon. So I ran back home almost in the dark while trying not to get too scared.可知,作者没有到达山顶而急于回家的原因一共有4个,考生只需要归纳2个原因,注意字数的限制。
3. 细节归纳题。根据文章第四段作者梦见城堡或怪物,可知作者非常具有想象力;根据But something inside me was going to climb that mountain at all cost. I could hardly wait to try this adventure again.可知,作者内心的某些东西会不惜一切代价爬上那座山并迫不及待地想再次冒险,可知作者具有冒险精神并且有决心。根据这些归纳出答案,注意字数的限制。
4. 句意理解题。根据全文我们可以推断出We all fall down.指的是“我们生活中遇到的障碍/困难/失败/挑战等”。由此可以归纳出答案,注意字数的限制。 5. 开放题。首先要理解题干中的mountain指的是“障碍或失败”,并且要陈述自己的理由,注意字数的限制。 点睛:
本文是一篇夹叙夹议短文阅读。整体文章易懂,但题目设置灵活,总体难度中等。考生不但要从文章中找出答案,还要根据问题的设置归纳出相应的答案。书写答案的时候,考生要注意语法结构的正确以及字数的限制。
答案： 1.Saving for Future; 2.Saving early will have to work for fewer years when you are older
3.The earlier you begin saving
4.Saving is an important lesson and a good habit in our lives especially it’s a skill that everyone needs.
5.要明确储蓄而不挥霍才能有效地增长财富。
答案： 1.Because they used it for work and daily life. 2.Life was hard for the young family.
3.Get back.; 4.From a newspaper.; 5.An act of kindness can mean a lot. 答案： 1.Children can do playing best. 2.Brightly colored toys and clothing.
3.When small children choose which toy to play with. 4.Toys that allow them to use their imagination. 5.The importance of playing. / Children and play. 答案： 1.Controlling //Ruling
2.At a local rock climbing gym at the age of 7
3.Her competitive nature and love for rock climbing. 4.Because it involves climbing vertical rocks.
5.I am inspired by her spirits of bravery and determination.
答案： 1.How to deal with shyness./ How to overcome shyness./ Tips on dealing with shyness./ Suggestions to fight against shyness.
2.It prevents you from thinking clearly and performing well.
3.Because a lot of people experience the same feelings and thoughts as you do.
18
4.Confused/ Puzzled / Difficult for someone to understand. 5.Because they need time to gather their thoughts. 答案： 1.A specialist/person in teenager studies
2.Handle; 3.Rude/Impolite; 4.The child had forgotten all the manners the parents taught him and the parents could do nothing with him. 5.Open
答案： 1.A serious illness (did).
2.Difficulties/Problems/Troubles/Challenges.
3.She swam a ten-mile marathon and set the women’s record. Or: She swam a ten-mile marathon, setting the women’s record. Or: She set the women's record for a ten-mile marathon swimming. 4.Because she had tried her best (to fulfill the task).
Or: Her strength of purpose was as important as reaching Cuba. 5.I am encouraged by her determination and strong will.
Or: I am inspired by her courage and strong desire to succeed.
Or: From her I learned that once we set a goal, we should try hard to achieve it. Or: We should never give up in the face of difficulty/failure.
Or: We should never stop trying new things and we may achieve success in different fields.
19
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容