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js使用formData实现批量上传

2020-11-27 来源:筏尚旅游网

最近项目需要批量上传附件,查了下资料,网上很多但看着一脸懵,只贴部分代码,介绍也不详细,这里记录一下自己的采坑与多种实现,以免以后忘记。

这里先介绍下FormData对象,以下内容摘自地址

XMLHttpRequest Level 2添加了一个新的接口FormData.利用FormData对象,我们可以通过JavaScript用一些键值对来模拟一系列表单控件,我们还可以使用XMLHttpRequest的send()方法来异步的提交这个"表单".比起普通的ajax,使用FormData的最大优点就是我们可以异步上传一个二进制文件.

在我的自定义input文件上传样式里就已经实现里单文件上传,并且实现了自定义input样式;如果构造FormData对象是传入表单js对象,formData会自动注入表单里的值;如果是new一个空对象,然后手动append的表单类型为file时要注意:这里append进去的是File对象,而不是FileList对象

先看一下大概效果:

controller有两种方法:三种方式调的都是用一个接口

/**
 * 批量上传
 */
 @PostMapping("upload")
 public ResultModel<List<AttachmentVo>> upload(HttpServletRequest request, @RequestParam("applyId") String applyId){
 List<MultipartFile> multipartFileList = ((MultipartHttpServletRequest) request).getFiles("attachment");
 System.out.println(multipartFileList.size());
 System.out.println(applyId);
 return null;
 }

 /**
 * 批量上传2 (推荐使用)
 */
 @PostMapping("upload2")
 public ResultModel<List<AttachmentVo>> upload2(MultipartFile[] attachment,@RequestParam("applyId") String applyId){
 System.out.println(attachment.length);
 System.out.println(applyId);
 return null;
 }

方式1

点击Add,追加一个input,点击Delete,删除一个input,点击叉号也可以删除对应的input,需要单独为每个input选择文件

效果

html

<form id="attachments" enctype="multipart/form-data" class="form-horizontal nice-validator n-yellow" novalidate="novalidate">
 <div class='form-body'>
 <div class='form-group'>
 <label class="control-label col-md-1">附件管理:</label>
 <div class="col-md-4">
 <button id="attachmentAddBtn" type="button" class="btn btn-default">Add Attachment</button>
 <button id="attachmentDeleteBtn" type="button" class="btn btn-default">Delete Attachment</button>
 <button id="attachmentUploadBtn" type="button" class="btn btn-default">Upload</button>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class='form-group'>
 <label class="control-label col-md-1">附件上传:</label>
 <div id="attachmentInputs" class="col-md-3">

 </div>
 </div>
 </div>
</form>

js

//attachment-remove
 $("#attachmentInputs").on("click", ".attachment-remove", function (even) {
 $(this).prev().remove();//删除上一个兄弟节点
 $(this).remove();//删除自己
 });

 //add but
 $("#attachmentAddBtn").click(function (even) {
 //name值一样就可以
 $("#attachmentInputs").append("<input name=\"attachment\" type=\"file\" class=\"form-control input-attachment\"/><i class=\"fa fa-times attachment-remove\"></i>");
 });

 //delete
 $("#attachmentDeleteBtn").click(function (even) {
 var files = $("#attachmentInputs input[type='file']");
 files.each(function (index, element) {
 //从最下面开始删除,至少保留一个
 if (!(index === 0) && index === (files.length - 1)) {
 $(element).next().remove();
 $(element).remove();
 }
 });
 });

 //upload
 $("#attachmentUploadBtn").click(function (even) {
 //1、通过HTML表单创建FormData对象 自动注入
 // var formData = new FormData($("#attachments")[0]);

 //2、从零开始创建FormData对象 手动注入
 var formData = new FormData();
 //注入 name=file
 var files = $("#attachmentInputs input[type='file']");
 for (var i = 0; i < files.length; i++) {
 //注意:这里append进去的是File对象,而不是FileList对象
 formData.append("attachment", files[i].files[0]);
 }
 //注入name=text
 formData.append("applyId", "123456");

 console.log(formData.getAll("attachment"));
 
 //执行上传
 $.ajax({
 url: ctx + "/attachment/upload2",
 type: "post",
 data: formData,
 processData: false,
 contentType: false,
 success: function (data) {
 },
 error: function (e) {
 }
 });
 });

 //add one input
 $("#attachmentAddBtn").click();

方式2

第二种方式只有一个input,用的是multiple="multiple"属性,可以再弹窗里选择多个文件提交,如果再加工一下,也做成第三种一样,展示出文件名,同时可以删除对应的文件

效果

html

<form id="attachments2" enctype="multipart/form-data" class="form-horizontal" novalidate="novalidate">
 <div class='form-body'>
 <div class='form-group'>
 <label class="control-label col-md-1">附件管理:</label>
 <div class="col-md-4">
 <button id="attachmentUploadBtn2" type="button" class="btn btn-default">Upload</button>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class='form-group'>
 <label class="control-label col-md-1">附件上传:</label>
 <div id="attachmentInputs2" class="col-md-3">
 <input name="attachment" type="file" class="form-control input-attachment" multiple="multiple"/>
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>
 </form>

js

//upload2
 $("#attachmentUploadBtn2").click(function (even) {
 //1、通过HTML表单创建FormData对象 自动注入
 // var formData = new FormData($("#attachments2")[0]);

 //2、从零开始创建FormData对象 手动注入
 var formData = new FormData();
 //注入 name=file
 var files = $("#attachmentInputs2 input[type='file']");
 for (var i = 0; i < files[0].files.length; i++) {
 formData.append("attachment", files[0].files[i]);
 }
 //注入name=text
 formData.append("applyId", "123456");

 console.log(formData.getAll("attachment"));

 //执行上传
 $.ajax({
 url: ctx + "/attachment/upload2",
 type: "post",
 data: formData,
 processData: false,
 contentType: false,
 success: function (data) {
 },
 error: function (e) {
 }
 });
 });

方式3

定义了一个隐藏的input,并将Select File按钮的click与input的click对等,点击按钮相当于点击input,弹出选择文件对话框,监听了input的change事件,将选择的file对象push到全局数组变量attachmentArray中,点击Upload时再遍历注入到formData中

效果

html

<form id="attachments3" enctype="multipart/form-data" class="form-horizontal" novalidate="novalidate">
 <div class='form-body'>
 <div class='form-group'>
 <label class="control-label col-md-1">附件管理:</label>
 <div class="col-md-4">
 <button id="selectFile" type="button" class="btn btn-default">Select File</button>
 <button id="attachmentUploadBtn3" type="button" class="btn btn-default">Upload</button>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class='form-group'>
 <label class="control-label col-md-1">附件上传:</label>
 <input id="attachmentInputs3" type="file" style="display: none;"/>
 <div id="attachmentText3" class="col-md-3">
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>
 </form>

js

//存放file对象
 var attachmentArray = [];
 //attachment-remove
 $("#attachmentText3").on("click", ".attachment-remove", function (even) {
 //删除attachmentArray数据
 attachmentArray.splice($(this).data("index"), 1);
 //删除html对象
 $(this).prev().prev().remove();
 $(this).prev().remove();
 $(this).remove();
 });

 //Select File
 $("#selectFile").click(function (even) {
 // 获取input
 $("#attachmentInputs3").click();
 });

 //input change
 $("#attachmentInputs3").change(function (even) {
 // 获取input
 var fileName = $(this).val();
 var file = $(this)[0].files[0];
 //是否选择了文件
 if (fileName) {
 attachmentArray.push(file);
 $("#attachmentText3").append("<div><p class='attachment-text-p'>" + fileName + "</p><i data-index='" + (attachmentArray.length - 1) + "' class=\"fa fa-times attachment-remove\"></i></div>")
 }
 });

 //upload3
 $("#attachmentUploadBtn3").click(function (even) {
 //这里只能手动注入
 var formData = new FormData();
 //遍历数据,手动注入formData
 for (var i = 0; i < attachmentArray.length; i++) {
 formData.append("attachment", attachmentArray[i]);
 }
 formData.append("applyId", "123456");
 console.log(formData.getAll("attachment"));
 //执行上传
 $.ajax({
 url: ctx + "/attachment/upload",
 type: "post",
 data: formData,
 processData: false,
 contentType: false,
 success: function (data) {
 },
 error: function (e) {
 }
 });
 });

最后看一下file数据、请求头、还有振奋人心的后台成功接参图

file数据

请求头

成功接参

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